From: Demographic changes, educational improvements, and earnings in Brazil and Mexico
Independent variables | 2000 | 2010 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 1 quantile (up to 25th percentile) | 2 quantile (up to 50th percentile) | 3 quantile (above 75th percentile) | Total | 1 quantile (up to 25th percentile) | 2 quantile (up to 50th percentile) | 3 quantile (above 75th percentile) | |
Age-education groups – reference: 15–24 years; less than primary completed | ||||||||
15–24 years; primary completed | 0.1224 (0.0025) | 0.0833 (0.0007) | 0.0835 (0.0012) | 0.0945 (0.0026) | 0.1312 (0.0032) | 0.2210 (0.0007) | 0.0834 (0.0020) | 0.0674 (0.0021) |
15–24 years; secondary completed | 0.5658 (0.0030) | 0.4646 (0.0008) | 0.4637 (0.0014) | 0.5763 (0.0032) | 0.4506 (0.0033) | 0.4586 (0.0008) | 0.2958 (0.0021) | 0.3007 (0.0022) |
15–24 years; university completed | 1.3589 (0.0117) | 1.1718 (0.0034) | 1.3188 (0.0059) | 1.4808 (0.0134) | 0.9391 (0.0065) | 0.7481 (0.0017) | 0.7272 (0.0045) | 0.9049 (0.0047) |
25–34 years; less than primary completed | 0.3425 (0.0023) | 0.2754 (0.0006) | 0.2868 (0.0011) | 0.3199 (0.0024) | 0.3028 (0.0034) | 0.3290 (0.0008) | 0.2046 (0.0021) | 0.2192 (0.0022) |
25–34 years; primary completed | 0.6958 (0.0026) | 0.5843 (0.0007) | 0.6057 (0.0012) | 0.6954 (0.0028) | 0.5097 (0.0032) | 0.5132 (0.0008) | 0.3726 (0.0020) | 0.3844 (0.0021) |
25–34 years; secondary completed | 1.1181 (0.0027) | 0.9272 (0.0008) | 1.0342 (0.0013) | 1.1829 (0.0030) | 0.7876 (0.0032) | 0.6957 (0.0007) | 0.5833 (0.0020) | 0.7065 (0.0021) |
25–34 years; university completed | 1.8978 (0.0045) | 1.6817 (0.0013) | 1.8639 (0.0022) | 2.0700 (0.0051) | 1.5420 (0.0038) | 1.2573 (0.0010) | 1.3393 (0.0026) | 1.5741 (0.0027) |
35–49 years; less than primary completed | 0.4903 (0.0022) | 0.3412 (0.0006) | 0.3966 (0.0010) | 0.5089 (0.0023) | 0.4184 (0.0032) | 0.3860 (0.0007) | 0.2747 (0.0020) | 0.3301 (0.0020) |
35–49 years; primary completed | 0.9319 (0.0026) | 0.7523 (0.0007) | 0.8360 (0.0012) | 0.9957 (0.0028) | 0.7065 (0.0032) | 0.6077 (0.0007) | 0.5343 (0.0020) | 0.6442 (0.0021) |
35–49 years; secondary completed | 1.4889 (0.0027) | 1.2223 (0.0008) | 1.3984 (0.0013) | 1.6570 (0.0030) | 1.0756 (0.0032) | 0.8954 (0.0008) | 0.8768 (0.0021) | 1.0839 (0.0022) |
35–49 years; university completed | 2.3119 (0.0036) | 2.0740 (0.0010) | 2.2874 (0.0018) | 2.5012 (0.0040) | 1.9550 (0.0037) | 1.6217 (0.0009) | 1.7494 (0.0025) | 2.0157 (0.0026) |
50–64 years; less than primary completed | 0.4640 (0.0025) | 0.2628 (0.0006) | 0.3441 (0.0011) | 0.5167 (0.0026) | 0.4466 (0.0033) | 0.3602 (0.0008) | 0.2757 (0.0021) | 0.3709 (0.0021) |
50–64 years; primary completed | 1.0481 (0.0045) | 0.7674 (0.0013) | 0.9301 (0.0022) | 1.1954 (0.0050) | 0.7812 (0.0037) | 0.6006 (0.0009) | 0.5782 (0.0024) | 0.7707 (0.0025) |
50–64 years; secondary completed | 1.6039 (0.0049) | 1.2459 (0.0014) | 1.5197 (0.0024) | 1.8590 (0.0055) | 1.2253 (0.0038) | 0.9403 (0.0010) | 1.0348 (0.0026) | 1.3139 (0.0027) |
50–64 years; university completed | 2.4520 (0.0051) | 2.1785 (0.0015) | 2.4335 (0.0026) | 2.6893 (0.0058) | 2.1398 (0.0043) | 1.7695 (0.0011) | 1.9822 (0.0031) | 2.3039 (0.0031) |
Immigrant | 0.0772 (0.0017) | 0.0747 (0.0005) | 0.0716 (0.0008) | 0.0788 (0.0018) | 0.1366 (0.0020) | 0.0896 (0.0005) | 0.1120 (0.0014) | 0.1385 (0.0014) |
Proportion of undergraduates | 0.0157 (0.0002) | 0.0135 (0.0000) | 0.0163 (0.0001) | 0.0171 (0.0002) | 0.0077 (0.0001) | 0.0020 (0.0000) | 0.0067 (0.0001) | 0.0107 (0.0001) |
Urbanization rate | 0.0059 (0.0000) | 0.0075 (0.0000) | 0.0061 (0.0000) | 0.0051 (0.0001) | 0.0052 (0.0000) | 0.0064 (0.0000) | 0.0047 (0.0000) | 0.0035 (0.0000) |
Unemployment rate | 0.0061 (0.0002) | 0.0080 (0.0000) | 0.0068 (0.0001) | 0.0056 (0.0002) | −0.0149 (0.0002) | −0.0220 (0.0000) | −0.0106 (0.0001) | −0.0087 (0.0001) |
Regions – reference: Southeast (“Sudeste”) | ||||||||
North (“Norte”) | −0.1088 (0.0023) | −0.1452 (0.0006) | −0.1289 (0.0011) | −0.0598 (0.0024) | −0.0097 (0.0021) | −0.0233 (0.0005) | −0.0393 (0.0014) | −0.0034 (0.0015) |
Northeast (“Nordeste”) | −0.4521 (0.0015) | −0.4601 (0.0004) | −0.4536 (0.0007) | −0.4238 (0.0017) | −0.2243 (0.0016) | −0.2302 (0.0004) | −0.2084 (0.0012) | −0.2163 (0.0012) |
South (“Sul”) | 0.0388 (0.0016) | 0.0425 (0.0004) | 0.0462 (0.0007) | 0.0547 (0.0017) | 0.0626 (0.0015) | 0.0511 (0.0004) | 0.0785 (0.0009) | 0.0937 (0.0010) |
Center-West (“Centro-Oeste”) | −0.0113 (0.0021) | −0.0386 (0.0006) | −0.0222ns (0.0010) | −0.0022ns (0.0022) | 0.0682 (0.0018) | 0.0232 (0.0005) | 0.0466 (0.0012) | 0.0873 (0.0013) |
Constant | 4.6868 (0.0032) | 4.2149 (0.0008) | 4.7075 (0.0014) | 5.1224 (0.0033) | 5.7699 (0.0054) | 5.5021 (0.0012) | 5.8945 (0.0033) | 6.2193 (0.0034) |
Number of observations | 2,160,745 | 2,155,341 | ||||||
Adjusted R-squared | 0.4602 | 0.4237 | ||||||
Pseudo R-squared | 0.2485 | 0.2742 | 0.2991 | 0.1712 | 0.2197 | 0.2582 |