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IZA Journal of Labor & Development

Table 13 Estimates of split-cure model—first employment–proportional Weibull hazard function

From: Pathways from school to work in the developing world

 

Armenia

Benin

Brazil

Cambodia

Egypt

El Salvador

Jamaica

Jordan

Macedonia, FYR

OPT

Peru

Samoa

Tanzania

Age left education

 16–18

0.343**

−0.127

0.521***

0.254***

−0.031

−0.017

0.968***

0.434***

0.351*

−0.015

0.479***

0.933***

0.297***

(0.146)

(0.113)

(0.106)

(0.052)

(0.090)

(0.081)

(0.112)

(0.096)

(0.188)

(0.155)

(0.115)

(0.150)

(0.110)

 After 18

0.471***

0.001

0.929***

0.287***

−0.516***

0.186**

1.165***

0.672***

0.649***

−0.112

0.755***

1.302***

0.310***

(0.160)

(0.110)

(0.107)

(0.063)

(0.092)

(0.090)

(0.130)

(0.097)

(0.194)

(0.175)

(0.119)

(0.155)

(0.117)

Work in school

0.610***

0.146

1.786***

0.337***

0.387***

0.475***

0.591***

0.568***

1.004***

0.745***

0.425***

0.460***

0.278**

(0.091)

(0.116)

(0.270)

(0.047)

(0.066)

(0.071)

(0.099)

(0.110)

(0.106)

(0.100)

(0.069)

(0.157)

(0.116)

Father education

 Primary

−0.132

−0.306**

0.243***

0.046

−0.044

−0.718***

−0.198

0.082

0.328***

0.146

 

0.201**

0.057

(0.130)

(0.130)

(0.092)

(0.068)

(0.085)

(0.149)

(0.131)

(0.075)

(0.101)

(0.114)

 

(0.093)

(0.113)

 Secondary

−0.024

 

−0.136

 

0.013

 

0.412*

0.150

0.270

0.070

−0.186*

  

(0.134)

 

(0.245)

 

(0.105)

 

(0.234)

(0.104)

(0.210)

(0.117)

(0.105)

  

Urban

−0.261***

−0.228***

−0.021

−0.144**

0.004

−0.029

0.100

0.068

−0.285***

−0.027

  

−0.222**

(0.076)

(0.083)

(0.095)

(0.058)

(0.063)

(0.069)

(0.088)

(0.078)

(0.099)

(0.129)

  

(0.096)

Female

−0.449***

0.325***

−0.170**

−0.076*

−1.094***

−0.676***

−0.631***

−0.806***

−0.007

−0.564**

−0.450***

−0.096

−0.402***

(0.082)

(0.083)

(0.073)

(0.045)

(0.090)

(0.076)

(0.087)

(0.125)

(0.094)

(0.260)

(0.069)

(0.082)

(0.088)

GDP growth at time of leaving education

−0.011**

−0.083**

−0.016

−0.014**

−0.052***

0.001

 

0.023

−0.008

0.014

0.012

−0.012

0.097**

(0.005)

(0.037)

(0.016)

(0.007)

(0.018)

(0.016)

 

(0.014)

(0.017)

(0.011)

(0.012)

(0.014)

(0.049)

Ln(g)

−0.339***

−0.615***

0.181***

−0.406***

−0.485***

−0.507***

−0.481***

−0.412***

−0.484***

−0.341***

−0.316***

−0.364***

−0.475***

(0.025)

(0.025)

(0.027)

(0.014)

(0.021)

(0.020)

(0.028)

(0.022)

(0.033)

(0.032)

(0.022)

(0.026)

(0.031)

Observations

1849

1402

1575

2246

2011

2213

1499

2873

1228

1546

1341

1736

1001

Togo

Tunisia

Ukraine

Vietnam

Uganda

Madagascar

Nepal

Russian Fed.

Kyrgyz Rep.

Moldova, Rep.

   

Age left education

 16–18

−0.146

0.173

−0.353**

0.630***

0.107

−0.151**

0.421***

0.196

0.271**

−0.046

   

(0.099)

(0.142)

(0.162)

(0.072)

(0.066)

(0.074)

(0.116)

(0.167)

(0.126)

(0.144)

   

 After 18

−0.252**

0.351***

0.100

1.004***

0.263***

−0.024

0.601***

0.823***

0.751***

−0.000

   

(0.119)

(0.129)

(0.158)

(0.074)

(0.075)

(0.101)

(0.108)

(0.163)

(0.130)

(0.160)

   

Work in school

0.300***

0.343***

0.246***

0.318***

0.306***

0.388***

−0.079

0.228***

0.314***

0.363***

   

(0.103)

(0.100)

(0.068)

(0.072)

(0.057)

(0.058)

(0.090)

(0.074)

(0.087)

(0.108)

   

Father education

 Primary

−0.432***

0.018

 

−0.015

0.160*

−0.324***

−0.187

−0.059

0.067

    

(0.104)

(0.136)

 

(0.061)

(0.083)

(0.078)

(0.144)

(0.074)

(0.097)

    

 Secondary

 

−0.251

0.023

−0.206*

−0.087

 

−0.326*

0.062

−0.182

0.146

   
 

(0.200)

(0.068)

(0.112)

(0.092)

 

(0.175)

(0.084)

(0.139)

(0.192)

   

Urban

−0.181*

−0.221**

−0.053

−0.327***

−0.249***

−0.353***

−0.380***

0.124*

−0.368***

−0.312**

   

(0.095)

(0.098)

(0.070)

(0.055)

(0.068)

(0.066)

(0.102)

(0.066)

(0.071)

(0.126)

   

Female

0.102

−0.416***

−0.232***

−0.140***

−0.284***

−0.084

−0.416***

−0.141**

−0.364***

−0.132

   

(0.094)

(0.111)

(0.062)

(0.054)

(0.057)

(0.055)

(0.092)

(0.064)

(0.076)

(0.106)

   

GDP growth at time of leaving education

0.002

−0.016

−0.007*

−0.102***

−0.005

0.000

0.045

−0.009

−0.015

−0.018

   

(0.011)

(0.023)

(0.004)

(0.025)

(0.013)

(0.005)

(0.032)

(0.008)

(0.010)

(0.011)

   

Ln(g)

−0.680***

−0.484***

−0.233***

−0.447***

−0.521***

−0.365***

−0.474***

−0.344***

−0.426***

−0.478***

   

(0.031)

(0.031)

(0.020)

(0.020)

(0.018)

(0.017)

(0.027)

(0.020)

(0.024)

(0.035)

   

Observations

832

1463

1725

1620

1903

1511

1110

1984

1780

507

   
  1. Notes. The table reports estimates of the hazard function of transiting to employment after leaving school from a split-cure model, separately by country, except for Brazil for which estimates are derived from a standard proportional Weibull hazard model. The hazard function is parameterized as g t g−1 exp(X'm), where t is time elapsed since leaving school. Estimates of the vector m and log(g) reported in the Table. See also notes to Table 12 in the Appendix
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