Table 7 Male vs. Female: Self-employment and Informal Earnings Premiums(+) or Penalties(-), by Region of the World
From: How Large are Earnings Penalties for Self-Employed and Informal Wage Workers?
A. All self-employed vs. all employees | Self-employment vs. Employees | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |||||
| Â | Female | (SE) | Male | (SE) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Total sample | -0.177 | (0.080) | ** | -0.053 | (0.067) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Latin America & Caribbean | -0.091 | (0.099) |  | 0.011 | (0.086) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Europe & Central Asia (High-Income) | -0.162 | (0.041) | *** | -0.256 | (0.131) | ** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Europe & Central Asia (Developing) | -0.254 | (0.054) | *** | -0.202 | (0.062) | *** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Other | -0.300 | (0.099) | *** | -0.075 | (0.099) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
B. Non-professional own-account and employers and professionals vs. all employees | Non-professional Own-Account vs. Employees | Employers & Professionals vs. Employees | ||||||||||
| Â | Female | (SE) | Male | (SE) | Female | (SE) | Male | (SE) | ||||
 Total sample | -0.218 | (0.090) | ** | -0.114 | (0.072) |  | -0.190 | (0.075) | ** | 0.184 | (0.156) |  |
 Latin America & Caribbean | -0.059 | (0.056) |  | 0.000 | (0.029) |  | -0.069 | (0.043) |  | 0.498 | (0.050) | *** |
 Europe & Central Asia (High-Income) | -0.634 | (0.178) | *** | -0.368 | (0.123) | *** | 0.030 | (0.026) |  | -0.027 | (0.075) |  |
 Europe & Central Asia (Developing) | -0.433 | (0.057) | *** | -0.322 | (0.059) | *** | 0.001 | (0.036) |  | -0.074 | (0.064) |  |
 Other | -0.328 | (0.119) | *** | -0.130 | (0.102) | *** | -0.429 | (0.090) | *** | -0.102 | (0.316) |  |
C. Informal vs. Formal | Non-professional Own-Account vs. Employers & Professionals | Informal Employees vs. Formal Employees | ||||||||||
| Â | Female | (SE) | Male | (SE) | Female | (SE) | Male | (SE) | ||||
 Total sample | 0.214 | (0.667) |  | -0.192 | 0.259 |  | -0.341 | (0.013) | *** | -0.337 | (0.021) | *** |
 Latin America & Caribbean | -0.663 | (0.054) | *** | -0.587 | (0.034) | *** | -0.335 | (0.009) | *** | -0.329 | (0.025) | *** |
 Europe & Central Asia (High-Income) | -0.503 | (0.134) | *** | -0.415 | (0.049) | *** | na | na |  | na | na |  |
 Europe & Central Asia (Developing) | -0.330 | (0.056) | *** | -0.251 | (0.020) | *** | -0.035 | (0.071) |  | -0.009 | (0.046) |  |
 Other | 0.730 | (1.208) |  | -0.040 | 0.409 |  | -0.671 | (0.055) | *** | -0.643 | (0.013) | *** |
D. Non-professional own-account vs. formal and informal employees | Non-professional Own-account vs. Formal Employees | Non-professional Own-account vs. Informal Employees | ||||||||||
| Â | Female | (SE) | Male | (SE) | Female | (SE) | Male | (SE) | ||||
 Total sample | -0.226 | (0.071) | *** | -0.123 | (0.043) | ** | 0.163 | (0.078) | ** | 0.273 | (0.045) | *** |
 Latin America & Caribbean | -0.186 | (0.065) | *** | -0.105 | (0.049) | ** | 0.182 | (0.074) | ** | 0.284 | (0.042) | ** |
 Europe & Central Asia (High-Income) | na | na |  | na | na |  | na | na |  | na | na |  |
 Europe & Central Asia (Developing) | -0.283 | (0.217) |  | -0.202 | (0.033) | *** | -0.257 | (0.211) |  | -0.115 | (0.074) | * |
 Other | -0.887 | (0.023) | *** | -0.578 | (0.007) | *** | -0.090 | (0.010) | *** | 0.130 | (0.007) | *** |