Table 1 Proportion of Workers in Each Employment Category, by Income Group
From: How Large are Earnings Penalties for Self-Employed and Informal Wage Workers?
A. Self-employed and employees | Self-employment Shares | (Standard Error) | Employee Shares | (Standard Error) | Number of Countries | Number of Surveys |
 Total sample | 0.267 | (0.089) | 0.733 | (0.089) | 73 | 347 |
 Income Group | ||||||
  Low Income | 0.546 | (0.061) | 0.454 | (0.061) | 20 | 32 |
  Low Middle Income | 0.441 | (0.026) | 0.559 | (0.026) | 23 | 134 |
  Upper Middle Income | 0.274 | (0.026) | 0.726 | (0.026) | 16 | 114 |
  High Income | 0.115 | (0.003) | 0.885 | (0.003) | 14 | 67 |
B. Dividing self-employed into non -professional own account and employers/professional own-account | Non-Professional Own-account Share | (Standard Error) | Employers & Professionals Share | (Standard Error) | Number of Countries | Number of Surveys |
 Total sample | 0.225 | (0.104) | 0.033 | (0.010) | 42 | 152 |
 Income Group | ||||||
  Low Income | 0.501 | (0.076) | 0.020 | (0.001) | 7 | 9 |
  Low Middle Income | 0.436 | (0.030) | 0.013 | (0.007) | 8 | 29 |
  Upper Middle Income | 0.203 | (0.025) | 0.049 | (0.004) | 14 | 52 |
  High Income | 0.070 | (0.003) | 0.045 | (0.002) | 13 | 62 |
C. Dividing employees into informal and formal | Informal Employees | (Standard Error) | Formal Employees | (Standard Error) | Number of Countries | Number of Surveys |
 Total sample | 0.244 | (0.029) | 0.447 | (0.034) | 34 | 190 |
 Income Group | ||||||
  Low Income | 0.135 | (0.037) | 0.089 | (0.018) | 9 | 11 |
  Low Middle Income | 0.319 | (0.090) | 0.385 | (0.062) | 20 | 104 |
  Upper Middle Income | 0.216 | (0.019) | 0.485 | (0.036) | 5 | 75 |
  High Income | na | na | na | na | 0 | 0 |