Table 5 Decomposition of the gender wage gap at selected quantiles, 2011
From: Two tales of contraction: gender wage gap in Georgia before and after the 2008 crisis
Variables | Composition | Structure | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mean | 10th | 25th | 50th | 75th | 90th | mean | 10th | 25th | 50th | 75th | 90th | |
Vocationala | 0.0147 | -0.0348 | -0.0355 | -0.0220 | 0.105** | 0.0770* | -0.0281 | -0.0448 | 0.0110 | 0.0212 | -0.106** | -0.0811 |
(0.0271) | (0.114) | (0.0264) | (0.0366) | (0.0429) | (0.0424) | (0.0339) | (0.125) | (0.0410) | (0.0450) | (0.0453) | (0.0524) | |
Higher education | -0.180** | -0.701* | -0.103 | -0.0928 | 0.0749 | 0.114 | 0.0797 | 0.628 | 0.00889 | -0.00216 | -0.155 | -0.262* |
(0.0851) | (0.380) | (0.0715) | (0.0834) | (0.0971) | (0.112) | (0.101) | (0.403) | (0.108) | (0.108) | (0.103) | (0.141) | |
Age | 1.827 | 2.455 | -2.321 | 1.316 | -0.133 | 2.069 | -0.914 | 2.882 | 3.613 | -2.856 | -0.667 | -1.532 |
(1.579) | (5.560) | (2.335) | (2.307) | (2.544) | (2.480) | (2.050) | (5.708) | (2.620) | (2.686) | (2.999) | (4.209) | |
Age squared | -0.744 | -1.354 | 1.320 | -0.564 | 0.391 | -0.770 | 0.306 | -1.537 | -1.926 | 1.302 | 0.0792 | 0.486 |
(0.796) | (2.779) | (1.167) | (1.188) | (1.322) | (1.301) | (1.052) | (2.875) | (1.350) | (1.403) | (1.578) | (2.185) | |
Marriage | -0.0837 | -0.0822 | -0.0692 | -0.0910 | 0.0351 | -0.0201 | 0.157* | 0.176 | 0.0801 | 0.219** | -0.0147 | 0.152 |
(0.0676) | (0.189) | (0.0769) | (0.0858) | (0.0959) | (0.0796) | (0.0845) | (0.174) | (0.0829) | (0.0963) | (0.101) | (0.128) | |
High-skill blue-collarb | 0.00825 | 0.0172 | 0.0163 | 0.0106 | -0.00537 | 0.00937 | 0.00207 | -0.00549 | -0.00555 | 0.00650 | 0.00339 | 0.00408 |
(0.00649) | (0.0247) | (0.0114) | (0.00980) | (0.00904) | (0.00910) | (0.00567) | (0.0173) | (0.00842) | (0.00810) | (0.00611) | (0.00832) | |
Low-skill white-collar | 0.0196 | 0.0366 | 0.00914 | 0.0212 | 0.00377 | 0.0172 | -0.0550 | -0.0614 | -0.0707 | -0.0686 | -0.0542 | -0.0113 |
(0.0264) | (0.0859) | (0.0274) | (0.0393) | (0.0421) | (0.0529) | (0.0391) | (0.108) | (0.0478) | (0.0489) | (0.0486) | (0.0650) | |
High-skill white-collar | 0.0423 | 0.188 | 0.108 | 0.0632 | -0.215** | -0.161* | -0.136 | -0.310 | -0.268** | -0.120 | 0.178 | 0.0177 |
(0.0775) | (0.205) | (0.0702) | (0.120) | (0.0955) | (0.0937) | (0.105) | (0.258) | (0.117) | (0.151) | (0.109) | (0.162) | |
Miningc | 0.0340*** | 0.0762*** | 0.0465*** | 0.0344*** | 0.0171*** | -0.00882* | 0.000626 | 0.00396 | -0.00321 | -0.00171 | 0.00193 | 0.00359 |
(0.00399) | (0.0189) | (0.00642) | (0.00546) | (0.00622) | (0.00490) | (0.00156) | (0.00481) | (0.00207) | (0.00259) | (0.00246) | (0.00300) | |
Manufacturing | 0.0139 | 0.0818 | 0.0487*** | 0.00945 | -0.0118 | -0.0109 | 0.0191 | 0.0527 | -0.0278 | 0.00602 | 0.0117 | 0.0309 |
(0.00979) | (0.0580) | (0.0171) | (0.0141) | (0.0168) | (0.0126) | (0.0155) | (0.0598) | (0.0184) | (0.0166) | (0.0194) | (0.0217) | |
Utilities | 0.0282*** | 0.0938*** | 0.0454*** | 0.0271*** | -0.00568 | -0.0112 | -0.000485 | 0.00164 | -0.00363 | 0.000740 | -0.00253 | -0.00902 |
(0.00594) | (0.0261) | (0.00915) | (0.00755) | (0.00661) | (0.00748) | (0.00255) | (0.00738) | (0.00294) | (0.00314) | (0.00360) | (0.00903) | |
Construction | 0.0710*** | 0.213*** | 0.0909*** | 0.0506*** | 0.00938 | -0.00316 | 0.00265 | 0.00444 | 0.00196 | 0.000663 | 0.00237 | -0.00546 |
(0.0105) | (0.0477) | (0.0170) | (0.0114) | (0.00996) | (0.0112) | (0.00220) | (0.00547) | (0.00248) | (0.00193) | (0.00240) | (0.00803) | |
Trade | -0.0214 | 0.0778 | 0.0460* | -0.0489** | -0.0321 | -0.0578* | 0.0658** | 0.0814 | 0.00141 | 0.0613** | 0.0479 | 0.0934** |
(0.0162) | (0.0807) | (0.0260) | (0.0238) | (0.0308) | (0.0328) | (0.0258) | (0.0937) | (0.0321) | (0.0288) | (0.0350) | (0.0450) | |
Hotels and restaurants | -0.0152** | -0.0223 | -0.00809 | -0.00747 | -0.00901 | -0.00960 | 0.0119 | 0.0203 | 0.00429 | 0.00900 | 0.0117 | 0.0165 |
(0.00677) | (0.0227) | (0.00620) | (0.00706) | (0.0123) | (0.00971) | (0.00939) | (0.0270) | (0.0111) | (0.0113) | (0.0144) | (0.0119) | |
Transport | 0.0358*** | 0.105*** | 0.0701*** | 0.0282** | -0.0137 | -0.00811 | 0.00958 | 0.0197 | -0.00272 | 0.0175* | 0.0173* | -0.0279 |
(0.00850) | (0.0376) | (0.0151) | (0.0125) | (0.0109) | (0.0108) | (0.00789) | (0.0236) | (0.00878) | (0.00908) | (0.00985) | (0.0204) | |
Finance | 0.0103** | 0.0431*** | 0.0205*** | -0.000687 | 0.00177 | 0.00161 | 0.00223 | 0.0201 | 0.00810 | 0.00632 | -0.00265 | -0.0114 |
(0.00402) | (0.0149) | (0.00706) | (0.00757) | (0.00712) | (0.0107) | (0.00668) | (0.0166) | (0.00677) | (0.00616) | (0.00872) | (0.0134) | |
Real estate | 0.0123*** | 0.0641*** | 0.0237*** | 0.00126 | 0.000269 | -0.00478 | 0.0116** | 0.0229 | 0.00739 | 0.00848 | 0.00542 | 0.0208 |
(0.00419) | (0.0207) | (0.00885) | (0.00674) | (0.00626) | (0.00688) | (0.00562) | (0.0158) | (0.00645) | (0.00628) | (0.00818) | (0.0127) | |
Public adm and defense | 0.0967*** | 0.225** | 0.142*** | 0.133*** | 0.0843*** | 0.00274 | 0.0164 | 0.0675 | 0.00165 | 0.0114 | 0.00743 | -0.0860* |
(0.0185) | (0.0876) | (0.0336) | (0.0299) | (0.0306) | (0.0388) | (0.0208) | (0.0680) | (0.0251) | (0.0269) | (0.0314) | (0.0441) | |
Education | -0.0565 | -0.234 | -0.0695 | 0.00307 | 0.143 | 0.162** | 0.0181 | 0.160 | 0.00605 | -0.0265 | -0.136 | -0.0985 |
(0.0544) | (0.209) | (0.0497) | (0.0689) | (0.100) | (0.0695) | (0.0720) | (0.245) | (0.0845) | (0.0863) | (0.108) | (0.113) | |
Health and social work | -0.0337 | -0.0733 | -0.0236 | -0.0355 | 0.00915 | 0.0406 | 0.0281 | 0.0603 | -0.00893 | 0.0245 | -0.00744 | 0.0374 |
(0.0245) | (0.0914) | (0.0242) | (0.0316) | (0.0371) | (0.0320) | (0.0304) | (0.106) | (0.0370) | (0.0374) | (0.0405) | (0.0532) | |
Culture | -0.0196* | -0.0260 | -0.00651 | -0.0146 | 0.00302 | -0.0111 | 0.0327* | 0.0817 | 0.0212 | 0.0221 | 0.00165 | 0.0257 |
(0.0118) | (0.0528) | (0.0121) | (0.0174) | (0.0196) | (0.0187) | (0.0169) | (0.0593) | (0.0198) | (0.0224) | (0.0232) | (0.0296) | |
Private households | -0.0215 | -0.0151 | -0.0163 | -0.0228** | -0.0304 | 0.00925 | 0.0189 | 0.00907 | 0.00578 | 0.0201 | 0.0275 | 0.0177 |
(0.0141) | (0.0474) | (0.0110) | (0.0112) | (0.0198) | (0.00634) | (0.0172) | (0.0539) | (0.0156) | (0.0143) | (0.0209) | (0.0128) | |
International org | -0.00222* | 0.000846 | 0.000317 | -0.00130* | -0.00362 | -0.00574 | 0.00128 | 0.000513 | 0.00103 | 0.00195 | 0.00361 | 9.75e-06 |
(0.00116) | (0.00186) | (0.000814) | (0.000765) | (0.00283) | (0.00409) | (0.00223) | (0.00234) | (0.00168) | (0.00173) | (0.00402) | (0.00711) | |
State | 0.0399 | 0.167 | 0.0618 | -0.0296 | -0.0703 | -0.153 | -0.0431 | -0.0883 | -0.104 | -0.0381 | 0.0784 | 0.246* |
(0.0656) | (0.132) | (0.0512) | (0.0907) | (0.112) | (0.113) | (0.0787) | (0.145) | (0.0671) | (0.108) | (0.126) | (0.141) | |
Urban | 0.104 | 0.317 | 0.00973 | 0.0426 | 0.00949 | -0.163** | -0.0796 | -0.110 | 0.0358 | 0.0151 | 0.0197 | 0.0428 |
(0.136) | (0.483) | (0.0918) | (0.0964) | (0.0938) | (0.0813) | (0.151) | (0.517) | (0.0995) | (0.109) | (0.106) | (0.114) | |
Tbilisi | -0.0116 | -0.129 | 0.0486 | 0.0280 | 0.0267 | 0.0194 | -0.0470 | 0.0628 | -0.0798 | -0.102* | -0.00123 | -0.195* |
(0.0455) | (0.110) | (0.0418) | (0.0495) | (0.0607) | (0.0736) | (0.0551) | (0.113) | (0.0497) | (0.0616) | (0.0696) | (0.106) | |
Georgian | 0.130 | 0.183 | -0.0426 | 0.0397 | 0.318 | 0.239 | -0.113 | -0.369 | 0.00992 | 0.0930 | -0.158 | -0.201 |
(0.110) | (0.387) | (0.122) | (0.174) | (0.210) | (0.206) | (0.135) | (0.391) | (0.139) | (0.171) | (0.219) | (0.247) | |
21 – 40 hoursd | -0.0636 | -0.0124 | 0.0580 | 0.123 | -0.125* | -0.0453 | 0.135 | 0.636* | 0.0935 | -0.0841 | 0.0760 | -0.0959 |
(0.0905) | (0.389) | (0.0710) | (0.0777) | (0.0646) | (0.0506) | (0.110) | (0.374) | (0.0978) | (0.0846) | (0.0779) | (0.0841) | |
40 + hours | 0.0650 | 0.358 | 0.193*** | 0.189*** | -0.0736 | -0.00686 | 0.0769 | 0.448* | 0.0219 | -0.0710 | 0.0786 | -0.0873 |
(0.0593) | (0.324) | (0.0624) | (0.0596) | (0.0583) | (0.0517) | (0.0714) | (0.254) | (0.0633) | (0.0572) | (0.0624) | (0.0769) | |
Seasonal hours | 0.0182*** | 0.0734** | 0.0280*** | 0.0266*** | 0.00139 | 0.00309 | 0.00274 | 0.00299 | -0.00123 | -0.00879 | -0.00305 | -0.00567 |
(0.00662) | (0.0354) | (0.01000) | (0.00738) | (0.00729) | (0.00626) | (0.00724) | (0.0267) | (0.00666) | (0.00598) | (0.00721) | (0.00741) | |
Constant | -1.277* | -2.088 | 0.135 | -1.086 | -0.465 | -1.321 | 0.750 | -2.749 | -1.107 | 1.916 | 1.232 | 1.879 |
(0.757) | (2.985) | (1.240) | (1.090) | (1.236) | (1.197) | (0.965) | (2.870) | (1.284) | (1.306) | (1.433) | (2.037) | |
Residual | 0.0155 | 0.0179 | 0.00151 | 0.0563 | 0.0124 | 0.0666 | -0.0155 | 0.0135 | -0.0441 | -0.0689 | -0.0316 | -0.0454 |
(0.0501) | (0.132) | (0.0476) | (0.041) | (0.0649) | (0.0474) | (0.0538) | (0.114) | (0.0439) | (0.045) | (0.0621) | (0.0639) | |
Diff | 0.2203*** | 0.2846 | 0.0337 | 0.2877*** | 0.2074*** | 0.1691*** | 0.2227*** | 0.0375 | 0.2877*** | 0.2400*** | 0.4425*** | 0.1792** |
(0.0671) | (0.1886 | (0.0542) | (0.0723) | (0.0640) | (0.0554) | (0.0735) | (0.1957) | (0.0255) | (0.0836) | (0.0851) | (0.0877) | |
Total | 0.4431*** | 0.3221*** | 0.3213*** | 0.5276*** | 0.6498*** | 0.3483*** | ||||||
(0.0252) | (0.1074 | (0.0585) | (0.0695) | (0.0489) | (0.0856) | |||||||