From: Two tales of contraction: gender wage gap in Georgia before and after the 2008 crisis
Men | Women | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wages | Growth Rates | Wages | Growth rates | |||||||
2004 | 2007 | 2011 | 2004 - 2007 | 2007 - 2011 | 2004 | 2007 | 2011 | 2004 - 2007 | 2007 - 2011 | |
Overall | 184.7 | 272.8 | 298.7 | 0.48 | 0.09 | 94 | 152.6 | 192 | 0.62 | 0.26 |
Age categories | ||||||||||
25–34 | 217.2 | 279.9 | 320.4 | 0.29 | 0.14 | 105 | 159.5 | 218.7 | 0.52 | 0.37 |
35–44 | 177.5 | 274.1 | 313.8 | 0.54 | 0.14 | 88.9 | 159.7 | 190.4 | 0.80 | 0.19 |
45– 55 | 165.1 | 265 | 259.8 | 0.61 | -0.02 | 92.3 | 141 | 175.3 | 0.53 | 0.24 |
Education | ||||||||||
Secondary and below | 149.6 | 200.3 | 224.5 | 0.34 | 0.12 | 94.7 | 109.5 | 122.3 | 0.16 | 0.12 |
Vocational | 158.8 | 224.3 | 221.5 | 0.41 | -0.01 | 73.7 | 104.8 | 129.7 | 0.42 | 0.24 |
Higher education | 217.3 | 332.3 | 377.5 | 0.53 | 0.14 | 103.1 | 180.5 | 235 | 0.75 | 0.30 |
Marriage | ||||||||||
Unmarried | 192.1 | 247.4 | 285.8 | 0.29 | 0.16 | 109.2 | 168.3 | 221.7 | 0.54 | 0.32 |
Married | 183.1 | 280.1 | 301.7 | 0.53 | 0.08 | 84.7 | 141.5 | 176.4 | 0.67 | 0.25 |
Nationality | ||||||||||
Non-Georgian | 177.8 | 196.2 | 234.1 | 0.10 | 0.19 | 86.2 | 144.3 | 158.8 | 0.67 | 0.10 |
Georgian | 185.6 | 280.6 | 303.3 | 0.51 | 0.08 | 94.9 | 153.4 | 194.7 | 0.62 | 0.27 |
Residence | ||||||||||
Rural | 126.9 | 198.3 | 232.5 | 0.56 | 0.17 | 68.9 | 104.4 | 135.1 | 0.52 | 0.29 |
Urban | 213.6 | 305.3 | 335.3 | 0.43 | 0.10 | 103.5 | 167 | 211.6 | 0.61 | 0.27 |
Capital city | ||||||||||
Not Tbilisi | 147.7 | 223.9 | 247 | 0.52 | 0.10 | 76.4 | 114.8 | 148.9 | 0.50 | 0.30 |
Tbilisi | 242.9 | 330.7 | 394.6 | 0.36 | 0.19 | 117.2 | 192.6 | 249.9 | 0.64 | 0.30 |
Working hours | ||||||||||
Less than 20 hours | 96.5 | 120.9 | 141.3 | 0.25 | 0.17 | 54.5 | 82.6 | 118.1 | 0.52 | 0.43 |
21–40 hours | 160.9 | 264.2 | 289.6 | 0.64 | 0.10 | 87.5 | 141.2 | 189.3 | 0.61 | 0.34 |
More than 40 hours | 212.5 | 292.4 | 342.1 | 0.38 | 0.17 | 129.6 | 192.5 | 243 | 0.49 | 0.26 |
Seasonal hours | 186.1 | 218.2 | 192.7 | 0.17 | -0.12 | 90.7 | 95.3 | 112.7 | 0.05 | 0.18 |
Sector | ||||||||||
Private | 222.7 | 275.4 | 289.9 | 0.24 | 0.05 | 129 | 169.9 | 192 | 0.32 | 0.13 |
State | 120.8 | 268.9 | 315.8 | 1.23 | 0.17 | 69.2 | 141.5 | 192 | 1.04 | 0.36 |
Occupation, by skill level | ||||||||||
Low-skilled, blue-collar | 167.5 | 197.2 | 237.4 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 81.6 | 91.8 | 126.6 | 0.13 | 0.38 |
High-skilled, blue-collar | 162.4 | 223.1 | 225.3 | 0.37 | 0.01 | 91.8 | 96.9 | 115.9 | 0.06 | 0.20 |
Low-skilled, white-collar | 163.9 | 193 | 226.1 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 105.6 | 144.4 | 150.1 | 0.37 | 0.04 |
High-skilled, white-collar | 208.6 | 362 | 407.5 | 0.74 | 0.13 | 91.7 | 164.1 | 221.9 | 0.79 | 0.35 |
Industry type | ||||||||||
Agriculture | 104.5 | 136.9 | 121 | 0.31 | -0.12 | 82.8 | 109.2 | 69.6 | 0.32 | -0.36 |
Mining | 352.9 | 332.6 | 355.3 | -0.06 | 0.07 | 102.2 | 216.6 | 1.12 | ||
Manufacturing | 180.9 | 252.8 | 232.3 | 0.40 | -0.08 | 122.2 | 149.8 | 145.6 | 0.23 | -0.03 |
Utilities | 184.9 | 296.7 | 312.2 | 0.60 | 0.05 | 227.8 | 144.6 | 267.1 | -0.37 | 0.85 |
Construction | 243.8 | 316.7 | 293.5 | 0.30 | -0.07 | 329.7 | 296.1 | 265.4 | -0.10 | -0.10 |
Trade | 187.4 | 237 | 291.4 | 0.26 | 0.23 | 120.4 | 138.2 | 172.3 | 0.15 | 0.25 |
Hotels and restaurants | 227.6 | 238.4 | 270.8 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 138.5 | 191.5 | 137.4 | 0.38 | -0.28 |
Transport | 219.5 | 240.8 | 311.1 | 0.10 | 0.29 | 99 | 307.6 | 281.8 | 2.11 | -0.08 |
Finance | 301.9 | 577.5 | 466.7 | 0.91 | -0.19 | 170.2 | 444.8 | 434.6 | 1.61 | -0.02 |
Real estate | 181.6 | 253.4 | 286.7 | 0.40 | 0.13 | 99.3 | 156.8 | 291.2 | 0.58 | 0.86 |
PA and defense | 145.4 | 372.1 | 404.9 | 1.56 | 0.09 | 88.3 | 269.5 | 355.5 | 2.05 | 0.32 |
Education | 109 | 137.2 | 175.3 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 74.9 | 100 | 156.5 | 0.34 | 0.57 |
Health and social work | 168.5 | 166.3 | 233.9 | -0.01 | 0.41 | 67.7 | 129.3 | 181 | 0.91 | 0.40 |
Culture | 208.7 | 237.4 | 279.5 | 0.14 | 0.18 | 80.2 | 139.2 | 168.8 | 0.74 | 0.21 |
Private households | 87.7 | 134.3 | 202.6 | 0.53 | 0.51 | 160.4 | 127.7 | 154.6 | -0.20 | 0.21 |
International organizations | 599.8 | 151.5 | 484.3 | -0.75 | 2.20 | 192 | 495.5 | 505.6 | 1.58 | 0.02 |