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IZA Journal of Labor & Development

Table 4 Effects of the program on risk behavior (by type of socio-emotional skills)

From: The effects of youth training on risk behavior: the role of non-cognitive skills

 

Smoke

Casual alcohol

High alcohol

Marijuana

Drug consumption

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

Panel A. Total effects

T × Post × CPS

−0.013

 

−0.001

 

−0.072

 

−0.011

 

0.000

 
 

(0.030)

 

(0.041)

 

(0.094)

 

(0.015)

 

(0.011)

 

T × Post × Grit

 

−0.024

 

−0.071*

 

−0.110

 

−0.009

 

0.010

  

(0.033)

 

(0.041)

 

(0.090)

 

(0.015)

 

(0.010)

Obs.

968

968

968

968

338

338

965

965

968

968

R-square

.0085

.012

.0022

.01

.042

.049

.0082

.012

.0036

.005

Panel B. Dynamic effects

T × 1st follow-up × CPS

−0.002

 

−0.033

 

−0.034

 

−0.012

 

−0.014

 
 

(0.031)

 

(0.046)

 

(0.106)

 

(0.025)

 

(0.012)

 

T × 2nd follow-up × CPS

−0.034

 

0.039

 

−0.147

 

−0.009

 

0.016

 
 

(0.052)

 

(0.064)

 

(0.115)

 

(0.019)

 

(0.014)

 

T × 1st follow-up × Grit

 

−0.025

 

−0.130***

 

−0.008

 

−0.002

 

−0.006

  

(0.035)

 

(0.045)

 

(0.116)

 

(0.025)

 

(0.017)

T × 2nd follow-up × Grit

 

−0.021

 

−0.005

 

−0.230**

 

−0.018

 

0.026

  

(0.048)

 

(0.054)

 

(0.106)

 

(0.019)

 

(0.017)

Obs.

968

968

968

968

338

338

965

965

968

968

R-square

.019

.017

.0079

.02

.067

.082

.0082

.013

.013

.014

 

Fights

Witness of crime

Victim of crime

Summary index

  
 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

  

Panel C. Total effects

T × Post × CPS

−0.021

 

0.037

 

−0.076**

 

−0.089

   
 

(0.015)

 

(0.044)

 

(0.037)

 

(0.067)

   

T × Post × Grit

 

−0.022

 

0.062

 

−0.017

 

−0.073

  
  

(0.016)

 

(0.047)

 

(0.035)

 

(0.075)

  

Obs.

967

967

968

968

968

968

337

337

  

R-square

.0032

.0088

.033

.036

.036

.04

.013

.0087

  

Panel D. Dynamic effects

T × 1st follow-up × CPS

−0.031**

 

0.017

 

−0.068

 

−0.084

   
 

(0.015)

 

(0.055)

 

(0.049)

 

(0.086)

  

T × 2nd follow-up × CPS

−0.009

 

0.064

 

−0.084

 

−0.099

  
 

(0.026)

 

(0.065)

 

(0.053)

 

(0.099)

  

T × 1st follow-up × Grit

 

−0.034*

 

0.081

 

−0.012

 

−0.009

 
  

(0.018)

 

(0.057)

 

(0.046)

 

(0.104)

 

T × 2nd follow-up × Grit

 

−0.010

 

0.051

 

−0.011

 

−0.151

 
  

(0.025)

 

(0.067)

 

(0.054)

 

(0.102)

 

Obs.

967

967

968

968

968

968

337

337

 

R-square

.0069

.013

.05

.047

.049

.051

.04

.031

 

Controls for all panels

         

Ind. FE

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Year FE

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Controls

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

  1. The controls include all the double interactions between variables. The summary index of risk behavior is an equally weighted average of the z-scores of its components (i.e., the eight measures of risk behavior). The z-scores are calculated by subtracting the control group mean and dividing by the control group standard deviation. Clustered standard errors at the individual level are presented in parentheses
  2. *Significant at the 10 %; **significant at the 5 %; ***significant at the 1 %
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