Variables | Number | Mean | SD | Min | Max |
---|
Dependent variablea
|
 ENTYP | 294,736 | 1.180350 | 0.473707 | 1 | 3 |
Financeb
|
 CAPSHOR | 294,736 | 0.324626 | 0.468236 | 0 | 1 |
Firm capabilitiesc
|
 LINKAGE | 294,736 | 0.276420 | 0.447228 | 0 | 1 |
 ASSISTANCE | 294,736 | 0.004402 | 0.066202 | 0 | 1 |
 ACMAINT | 294,736 | 0.038159 | 0.191581 | 0 | 1 |
 REGIS | 294,736 | 0.110029 | 0.312927 | 0 | 1 |
Locational variablesd
|
 LOCATION | 294,736 | 0.329175 | 0.469914 | 0 | 1 |
 URBAN | 294,736 | 0.313830 | 0.366611 | 0 | 1 |
 TRANSPORT | 294,736 | 0.820579 | 0.383705 | 0 | 1 |
 DISTANCE | 294,736 | 254.7668 | 179.2991 | 0 | 1010 |
Infrastructure and human capital variablese
|
 ELEC | 294,736 | 0.180913 | 0.384946 | 0 | 1 |
 SHSCSTPOP | 294,736 | 0.241005 | 0.115686 | 0.026295 | 0.942542 |
 PRIMEDU | 294,736 | 0.298052 | 0.063819 | 0.14919 | 1 |
 MIDGRADEDU | 294,736 | 0.243946 | 0.094608 | 0.068002 | 0.964556 |
 ROADVILLG | 281,606 | 0.663063 | 0.239142 | 0.129032 | 1 |
Other control variablesf
|
 STATUS | 294,736 | 0.211609 | 0.408450 | 0 | 1 |
- We applied frequency weights provided by the NSSO to compute descriptive statistics. Source: our calculations, from NSSO unit-level data for 2000–2001, 2005–2006 and 2010–2011 and the 2001 Census of India
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aThe dependent variable ENTYP is an ordered categorical variable taking values 1 to 3 (1 = PHE, 2 = MHE and 3 = NHE) denoting the type of the firm
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bFinance variable: CAPSHOR takes the value 1 if the firm faces a constraint and 0 if it does not
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cVariables representing firm capabilities: LINKAGE is coded as 1 if the firms work for a contractor and 0 if they do not; ASSISTANCE takes the value 1 if the firms received any assistance from the training and towards marketing and 0 if they state that they did not receive any such assistance; ACMAINT assumes the value 1 if the firms maintain a regular account and 0 if not; and REGIS takes the value 1 if they have registered under any act and 0 if they did not
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dLocational variables: LOCATION takes the value 1 if the firms are located in urban areas and 0 if they are located in rural areas; URBAN is a district-level measure representing the level of urbanisation in the district as measured by the share of urban population in total population; TRANSPORT takes the value 1 if a national highway or a broad-gauge line passes through the district and 0 if neither of them passes through the district; and DISTANCE signifies the remoteness of the district as captured by the distance of the district from the state capital
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eHuman capital variables: ELEC takes the value 1 if it has access to electricity and 0 if it lacks access to it; SHSCSTPOP represents the proportion of SC/ST population in total population; PRIMEDU captures the proportion of individuals who are educated at the primary level or below; MIDGRADEDU stands for the proportion of individuals educated at the secondary level and above; and ROADVILLG represents the share of villages with paved approach road in total villages
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fOther control variables: STATUS takes the value 1 if the firm has been expanding and 0 if the firm has been stagnant or contracting