Female labor force participation and child education in India: evidence from the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme

IZA Journal of Labor & Development

Table 5 Effect of mother’s work status on child’s grade progression

Variable	OLS-FE	2SLS-FE
Variable	(1)	(2)
Mother is working	0.060***	0.406***
	(0.014)	(0.101)
Annual household income in thousands (Rs.)	0.00001	0.0002
	(0.0001)	(0.001)
Other control variables	Yes	Yes
Child fixed effects	Yes	Yes
Observations	4218	4218
Number of children	2109	2109
R-squared	0.046
Weak identification stat (Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F)		7.387
Stock-Yogo weak identification test critical values		6.40 (20 %)
Over-identification stat (Hansen J)		0.384
Over-identification p value		0.535

Notes: Robust standard errors clustered at the child level in parentheses. Significant at *10, **5, and ***1 %. Additional control variables included are as follows: time interacted with age dummies, time interacted with gender, household size, number of males in the age group 16–60, average age of household members, land owned by household in 2007 interacted with time, household’s asset (index) in 2007 interacted with time, time trends depending on whether the district is a NREGS phase 1 district, mandal level total night lights in 2006, and baseline enrolment rate in the district. The same set of instruments (lagged rainfall shock, lagged amount fund sanctioned in NREGS, and their interaction) is used for annual household income and mother’s working status