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Table 1 Summary statistics

From: Female labor force participation and child education in India: evidence from the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme

 

2007

2009–2010

Variable

Obs.

Mean

Std. dev.

Obs.

Mean

Std. dev.

Child characteristics

 Sex (female = 1, male = 0)

3275

0.51

0.50

3275

0.51

0.50

 Age (years)

3275

8.35

3.01

3275

11.35

3.01

 Enrolment

3275

0.79

0.41

3275

0.87

0.34

 Time spent in school

3275

5.78

2.20

3275

6.93

2.64

 Highest grade completed

2109

3.90

2.32

2109

6.27

2.57

 Grade progression

2109

0.76

0.33

2109

0.78

0.22

Mother’s characteristics

 Mother’s age (years)

3275

30.56

5.64

3275

33.52

5.59

 Mother’s education (highest grade completed)

3270

1.86

3.28

3270

1.86

3.28

 Whether mother is working

3275

0.69

0.46

3275

0.88

0.32

 Whether mother has worked in NREGS

3272

0.28

0.45

3228

0.62

0.49

Father’s characteristics

 Father’s age (years)

3127

36.34

6.36

3101

39.26

6.29

 Father’s education (highest grade completed)

3126

3.91

4.51

3126

3.91

4.51

 Whether father is working

3121

0.99

0.10

3095

0.98

0.14

 Whether father has worked in NREGS

3121

0.25

0.43

3073

0.48

0.50

Household characteristics

 Annual non-agricultural income (Rs.)

3275

28349

30452

3275

41404

46015

 Annual agricultural income (Rs.)

3275

4100

21489

3275

8258

38656

 Total income (Rs.)

3275

32449

36312

3275

49662

58843

 Household size

3275

5.70

2.10

3275

5.71

2.19

 Number of males in the age group 16–60

3275

1.31

0.81

3275

1.40

0.85

 Average age of household members

3275

22.14

5.72

3275

24.56

5.62

 Land owned by household (acres)

3275

2.11

3.21

3275

3.38

38.59

 Asset index

3275

−0.60

1.49

3275

0.55

1.81

Region characteristics

 Mandal level total night lights in 2006

3275

860.49

335.78

3275

860.49

335.78

 Baseline enrolment rate in the district (2004–2005)

3275

0.92

0.07

3275

0.92

0.07

Instruments

 Lagged rainfall shock

3275

1.71

0.78

3275

−0.02

0.65

 Lagged amount of sanctioned NREGS funds in crores (Rs.)

3275

8.53

7.80

3275

10.59

5.56

  1. Source: Young Lives data for all variables except Mandal level total night lights in 2006 (NOAA website), Baseline enrolment rate in the district (National Sample Survey 2004–2005), Lagged rainfall shock (Center for Climatic Research, University of Delaware), and Lagged amount of sanctioned NREGS funds (Department of Rural Development, Government of Andhra Pradesh)
  2. Note: 1 crore = 10 million