Table 5 Estimated labor demand model for low-technology industries by region: IV-panel fixed effects

Ln (V)

0.4403***

0.5452***

0.3779***

0.6026***

0.5489***

0.2782***

0.7516***

(0.0480)

(0.0345)

(0.0408)

(0.0241)

(0.0159)

(0.0168)

(0.0141)

M/(M + Y)

−0.0290

−0.5260***

−0.0830

0.1866

−0.0586

−0.6591***

−0.2830***

(0.1435)

(0.1187)

(0.1897)

(0.1470)

(0.0660)

(0.1084)

(0.0442)

X/Y

−0.0193

0.1211***

−0.0163

0.0401**

0.0346**

0.0128

0.1343***

(0.0299)

(0.0425)

(0.0452)

(0.0157)

(0.0135)

(0.0176)

(0.0096)

Ln (w)

−0.4931***

−0.5793***

−0.4370***

−0.6230***

−0.5629***

−0.3172***

−0.7399***

(0.0342)

(0.0275)

(0.0288)

(0.0215)

(0.0134)

(0.0157)

(0.0111)

Ln (w)*s

0.1110***

0.0775***

0.1401***

0.1784***

0.1284***

0.0013***

0.0507***

(0.0138)

(0.0100)

(0.0124)

(0.0090)

(0.0054)

(0.0002)

(0.0021)

Constant

3.8088***

2.9508***

4.8977***

2.3120***

2.7883***

5.6677***

0.9704***

(0.6850)

(0.4734)

(0.7177)

(0.3922)

(0.2464)

(0.2737)

(0.2545)

Observations

671

1143

944

1610

4368

2683

4692

Number of industries

80

127

145

139

491

347

435