Table 4 Correlates of job growth among basic firm-level features and overall business climate traits including wages, infrastructure, regulation and finance, in East Asia Pacific over the last 3 years (model 2)

Basic firm-level traits

Initial firm size, <=5 emp. (ref. 31+)

0.136***

195.0

0.135***

3.7

0.358***

82.8

0.146***

5.3

0.968***

11.4

2.362***

18.6

0.379***

26.9

0.212***

3.8

0.262**

2.5

0.136***

3.5

0.043

0.3

0.511***

23.8

Initial firm size, 6–15 emp.

0.048***

106.3

0.116***

3.7

0.060***

14.5

0.084***

3.6

0.148***

2.9

0.572***

5.9

0.090***

9.3

−0.005

−0.1

0.270***

3.0

0.098**

2.5

0.058

0.7

0.533***

32.5

Initial firm size, 16–30 emp.

0.009***

16.4

0.063**

2.3

−0.017***

−3.1

−0.044

−1.5

0.241***

4.4

0.276***

2.9

0.066***

6.7

−0.041

−0.5

−0.004

−0.0

−0.000

−0.0

0.111

1.1

0.224***

13.5

Firms <10 years old (ref. >=20)

0.029***

42.5

0.064**

2.0

0.012***

4.8

0.027

1.2

0.096*

1.8

0.119

0.8

−0.084***

−8.5

−0.030

−0.6

−0.171

−0.6

0.024*

1.9

0.241***

3.3

−0.079***

−3.5

Firms 10–19 years old

0.007***

10.8

0.034

1.6

0.069***

27.6

−0.003

−0.1

0.195***

4.1

0.490***

3.7

−0.077***

−8.9

−0.121***

−3.0

−0.060

−0.2

0.013

0.9

0.136*

1.8

0.017

0.8

City w/ 1 mil. or capital (ref. small city)

0.016***

8.9

0.018

0.8

−0.052***

−26.6

0.239***

3.0

−0.023***

−2.8

−0.118

−1.3

0.090***

6.1

Manufacturing (ref. other sectors)

0.044***

41.4

0.064

1.3

0.026***

3.3

−0.128***

−3.4

−0.053

−0.6

−1.000***

−10.1

0.029

0.8

−0.051

−1.0

−0.160**

−2.0

0.112***

8.8

−0.140

−1.1

−0.118***

−5.8

Services

0.002

1.5

0.146***

4.1

0.001

0.2

−0.120***

−3.4

0.352***

4.6

−1.213***

−11.5

0.076**

2.0

−0.031

−0.6

−0.095

−1.1

0.051

0.6

−0.252***

−11.7

Formally registered when opened

0.005***

6.5

0.054

1.3

−0.020***

−7.9

−0.034*

−1.7

0.624***

5.8

0.115

1.0

0.117***

5.9

−0.039

−0.7

−0.077

−0.8

0.067***

3.2

−0.000

−0.0

0.191***

12.6

Sole proprietorship

−0.011***

−32.5

−0.009

−0.5

−0.166***

−52.6

0.008

0.2

−0.216***

−5.3

0.132

0.5

−0.017*

−1.7

−0.037

−1.1

−0.089

−1.1

−0.025

−1.6

0.177**

2.6

−0.156***

−12.9

Firm is foreign owned, partly or fully

0.016***

18.9

0.009

0.3

0.093***

11.6

0.062*

1.8

0.117**

2.7

0.029

0.3

0.044***

4.1

0.054

1.4

0.033

0.5

−0.059***

−3.7

−0.050

−0.8

−0.002

−0.1

Firm is partly government owned

−0.003***

−3.4

−0.084

−1.1

−0.120

−0.1

−0.025

−0.7

−0.269***

−2.7

0.058

1.2

−0.132***

−4.8

Share of female employees

−0.046***

−55.5

−0.147***

−5.5

−0.071***

−26.3

−0.087***

−3.2

−0.582***

−6.2

−0.544***

−4.1

−0.120***

−8.5

0.206***

3.6

−0.239*

−1.7

−0.104***

−4.7

−0.144

−1.3

0.081***

3.7

Wage and productivity traits

Wage per worker, tercile 2 (ref. ter. 1)

0.025***

55.4

−0.082***

−3.1

−0.110***

−47.9

−0.047**

−2.4

−0.481***

−7.1

−0.259***

−3.3

−0.067***

−6.7

−0.051

−1.6

−0.119*

−1.8

−0.029**

−2.4

−0.009

−0.1

−0.156***

−10.9

Wage per worker, tercile 3

0.014***

30.4

0.009

0.3

−0.109***

−32.0

−0.055***

−2.8

−0.470***

−6.3

−0.493***

−5.5

−0.061***

−5.4

−0.232***

−6.2

−0.170**

−2.2

−0.047***

−3.7

−0.161**

−2.1

−0.306***

−20.5

Labour productivity (sales/employ.), ln

−0.008***

−50.3

−0.066***

−9.8

−0.006***

−6.3

−0.007

−1.2

0.074***

3.3

0.019

0.7

−0.011***

−3.9

−0.024**

−2.1

0.012

0.8

−0.026***

−5.0

−0.043

−1.6

−0.018***

−3.5

Technology and infrastructure traits

Firm exports

0.021***

37.5

0.067*

1.7

0.185***

28.9

0.021

0.9

0.335***

2.6

0.042***

3.4

−0.037

−0.9

−0.175

−1.0

0.016

0.5

0.023

1.5

Email use for doing business

0.007***

14.7

−0.102***

−2.6

−0.050***

−14.0

0.084***

4.5

−0.027

−0.4

−0.373***

−4.4

0.077***

7.4

0.047

1.0

0.135**

2.1

0.018*

1.8

0.254**

2.1

−0.012

−0.8

Has 3 or + power outages a month

0.118***

4.9

−0.024

−1.5

0.084*

1.8

0.739***

10.9

0.085***

7.8

−0.196***

−5.3

0.016

1.4

0.197***

2.7

−0.085***

−7.5

Business regulation traits

Firm has ISO certification

−0.026***

−69.8

−0.128***

−5.1

−0.025***

−4.0

−0.105***

−4.2

0.001

0.0

−0.306***

−3.3

0.036***

3.5

0.116**

2.5

−0.483**

−2.2

−0.013

−0.9

0.040

0.6

0.055***

3.1

Firm has external auditor

0.023***

63.6

0.010

0.3

−0.001

−0.2

0.055***

3.1

−0.028

−0.7

0.157*

1.7

−0.048***

−3.6

−0.261***

−6.4

0.050

0.7

0.007

0.6

0.116*

1.8

0.192***

14.0

Spends 5+ % of time w/regulations

0.036***

51.0

−0.046**

−2.4

−0.016***

−5.4

0.050***

2.9

−0.109**

−2.1

−0.220***

−3.1

0.009

1.2

−0.058

−1.4

0.030

0.5

0.010

1.1

0.157***

2.7

−0.053***

−4.2

Financial climate traits

Has credit line or loan from a bank

0.025***

55.8

−0.094***

−3.3

−0.020***

−8.1

0.080***

4.5

0.083*

1.8

−0.013

−0.2

0.062***

7.6

−0.074***

−2.8

−0.070

−0.7

0.019**

2.3

−0.014

−0.2

0.097***

8.6

Has overdraft facility with their bank

0.002***

4.9

0.082***

4.1

0.007

1.4

−0.253***

−4.4

0.425***

6.4

0.065***

7.7

−0.063*

−1.9

0.123*

1.7

0.003

0.2

0.093

1.2

−0.162***

−10.6

Tax and corruption traits

Inspected by tax officials last year

0.004***

10.2

0.096***

4.7

0.020***

6.1

−0.088**

−2.5

0.272***

5.5

0.051

0.7

−0.064***

−6.1

−0.103**

−2.6

0.125**

2.1

−0.015

−1.2

0.202**

2.5

0.003

0.2

Gives informal payments to officials

−0.064***

−66.5

−0.105**

−2.4

0.084***

24.1

0.007

0.9

0.139***

3.3

0.071

0.8

0.202***

3.0

−0.233

−1.1

0.033**

2.4

Constant

0.081***

27.0

0.625***

5.8

0.268***

14.9

0.280**

2.3

−1.282***

−4.6

0.213

0.5

0.051

0.9

0.964***

6.0

0.181

0.6

0.161**

2.4

−0.050

−0.1

0.403***

4.1

Observations

1678

45

837

159

32

171

473

41

60

70

58

348

Adjusted R-squared

0.139

0.565

0.186

0.265

0.929

0.503

0.117

0.738

0.339

0.437

0.372

0.217