Dependent variable: Job growth rate, annual | China | Fiji | Indonesia | Laos | Micronesia | Mongolia | Philippines | Samoa | Timor-Leste | Tonga | Vanuatu | Vietnam | ||||||||||||
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Coef. | tstat | Coef. | tstat | Coef. | tstat | Coef. | tstat | Coef. | tstat | Coef. | tstat | Coef. | tstat | Coef. | tstat | Coef. | tstat | Coef. | tstat | Coef. | tstat | Coef. | tstat | |
Basic firm-level traits | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Initial firm size, <=5 emp. (ref. 31+) | 0.130*** | 188.5 | 0.160*** | 4.3 | 0.359*** | 85.7 | 0.091*** | 3.3 | 0.970*** | 8.4 | 2.600*** | 22.1 | 0.327*** | 26.3 | 0.287*** | 4.8 | 0.104 | 1.0 | 0.120*** | 3.1 | −0.142 | −1.1 | 0.508*** | 23.7 |
Initial firm size, 6–15 emp. | 0.043*** | 97.6 | 0.139*** | 4.8 | 0.067*** | 16.6 | 0.038 | 1.6 | 0.100 | 1.4 | 0.597*** | 6.4 | 0.084*** | 9.1 | 0.022 | 0.4 | 0.154 | 1.7 | 0.076* | 2.0 | 0.029 | 0.3 | 0.523*** | 31.7 |
Initial firm size, 16–30 emp. | 0.007*** | 14.1 | 0.040 | 1.4 | −0.012** | −2.3 | −0.038 | −1.2 | 0.174** | 2.1 | 0.325*** | 3.5 | 0.061*** | 6.4 | −0.176** | −2.1 | −0.023 | −0.2 | 0.009 | 0.2 | 0.129 | 1.2 | 0.180*** | 10.9 |
Firms <10 years old (ref. >=20) | 0.035*** | 53.3 | 0.023 | 0.7 | 0.016*** | 6.4 | 0.051** | 2.1 | −0.031 | −0.5 | 0.019 | 0.1 | −0.067*** | −7.4 | −0.001 | −0.0 | −0.104 | −0.4 | 0.026** | 2.1 | 0.227*** | 2.9 | −0.049** | −2.5 |
Firms 10–19 years old | 0.010*** | 16.4 | −0.018 | −0.9 | 0.069*** | 28.7 | 0.021 | 1.0 | 0.087 | 1.5 | 0.416*** | 3.2 | −0.078*** | −9.8 | −0.141*** | −3.3 | 0.060 | 0.2 | 0.029** | 2.1 | 0.196** | 2.6 | 0.025 | 1.3 |
City w/1 mil. or capital (ref. small city) | 0.015*** | 8.4 | 0.070*** | 3.2 | −0.046*** | −24.0 | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.090 | 1.2 | −0.016** | −2.1 | −0.094 | −0.9 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.108*** | 7.3 |
Manufacturing (ref. other sectors) | 0.042*** | 40.5 | 0.098** | 2.2 | 0.030*** | 4.0 | −0.141*** | −3.7 | −0.038 | −0.3 | −1.078*** | −11.0 | 0.035 | 0.9 | −0.104* | −1.8 | −0.200** | −2.4 | 0.113*** | 9.5 | 0.041 | 0.3 | −0.154*** | −7.7 |
Services | −0.002** | −2.4 | 0.188*** | 5.5 | 0.005 | 0.6 | −0.135*** | −3.7 | 0.239** | 2.2 | −1.234*** | −12.0 | 0.073* | 1.9 | 0.031 | 0.5 | −0.147* | −1.8 | -- | -- | 0.184** | 2.1 | −0.259*** | −12.1 |
Formally registered when opened | 0.005*** | 6.8 | 0.020 | 0.5 | −0.024*** | −9.9 | −0.016 | −0.8 | 0.366** | 2.4 | 0.250** | 2.3 | 0.074*** | 4.1 | −0.071 | −1.2 | −0.115 | −1.1 | 0.066*** | 3.0 | 0.003 | 0.0 | 0.185*** | 12.3 |
Sole proprietorship | −0.013*** | −38.1 | −0.018 | −1.0 | −0.153*** | −50.7 | −0.016 | −0.4 | −0.189*** | −3.1 | −0.217 | −0.9 | −0.046*** | −5.6 | −0.052 | −1.5 | −0.209** | −2.5 | −0.006 | −0.5 | 0.110* | 1.7 | −0.133*** | −11.3 |
Firm is foreign owned, partly or fully | 0.010*** | 12.3 | 0.065*** | 2.6 | 0.095*** | 12.2 | 0.088** | 2.5 | 0.008 | 0.1 | −0.082 | −0.8 | 0.042*** | 4.1 | 0.010 | 0.2 | −0.006 | −0.1 | −0.038*** | −2.9 | −0.019 | −0.3 | 0.106*** | 5.0 |
Share of female employees | −0.052*** | −63.3 | −0.139*** | −5.3 | −0.066*** | −24.9 | −0.067** | −2.4 | −0.245* | −2.0 | −0.484*** | −3.7 | −0.077*** | −5.9 | 0.200*** | 3.0 | −0.262* | −1.8 | −0.090*** | −4.0 | −0.150 | −1.3 | 0.064*** | 2.9 |
Wage and productivity traits | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Wage per worker, tercile 2 (ref. ter. 1) | 0.021*** | 48.4 | −0.144*** | −5.8 | −0.108*** | −48.2 | −0.036* | −1.8 | −0.242*** | −3.2 | −0.216*** | −2.8 | −0.056*** | −6.0 | −0.083** | −2.3 | −0.125* | −1.8 | −0.008 | −0.7 | 0.046 | 0.7 | −0.151*** | −10.4 |
Wage per worker, tercile 3 | 0.016*** | 35.6 | 0.022 | 0.9 | −0.112*** | −34.0 | −0.039* | −1.9 | −0.254*** | −2.8 | −0.438*** | −5.1 | −0.051*** | −4.9 | −0.198*** | −4.7 | −0.127* | −1.7 | −0.019 | −1.6 | −0.067 | −0.9 | −0.265*** | −17.8 |
Labour productivity (sales/employ.), ln | −0.008*** | −48.4 | −0.066*** | −9.8 | −0.007*** | −7.4 | −0.002 | −0.4 | 0.050* | 1.9 | −0.005 | −0.2 | −0.007*** | −2.9 | −0.046*** | −3.7 | 0.010 | 0.6 | −0.029*** | −5.7 | −0.042 | −1.5 | −0.032*** | −6.4 |
Infrastructure traits | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Firm exports | 0.025*** | 43.9 | 0.030 | 0.8 | 0.169*** | 27.4 | 0.036 | 1.5 | -- | -- | 0.347*** | 2.8 | 0.024** | 2.1 | −0.052 | −1.0 | −0.210 | −1.1 | 0.024 | 1.0 | -- | -- | 0.042*** | 2.7 |
Has 3 or + power outages a month | -- | -- | 0.183*** | 8.2 | -- | -- | −0.028* | −1.7 | 0.082 | 1.3 | 0.773*** | 11.5 | 0.076*** | 7.7 | −0.131*** | −3.2 | -- | -- | 0.016 | 1.5 | 0.167** | 2.4 | −0.077*** | −6.9 |
Business regulation traits | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Firm has ISO certification | −0.022*** | −62.4 | −0.103*** | −4.1 | −0.028*** | −4.5 | −0.078*** | −3.0 | −0.000 | −0.0 | −0.394*** | −4.6 | 0.030*** | 3.0 | 0.001 | 0.0 | −0.310 | −1.3 | 0.007 | 0.4 | 0.044 | 0.6 | 0.097*** | 5.7 |
Spends 5+ % of time w/regulations | 0.044*** | 66.2 | −0.053*** | −2.8 | −0.014*** | −5.0 | 0.055*** | 3.1 | −0.056 | −0.9 | −0.275*** | −4.0 | 0.009 | 1.3 | 0.101*** | 2.7 | 0.076 | 1.1 | 0.003 | 0.3 | 0.130** | 2.2 | −0.074*** | −6.0 |
Financial climate and corruption traits | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Has credit line or loan from a bank | 0.028*** | 66.6 | −0.036 | −1.6 | −0.015*** | −6.2 | 0.065*** | 3.6 | 0.042 | 0.7 | −0.068 | −1.0 | 0.085*** | 11.2 | −0.042 | −1.4 | −0.007 | −0.1 | 0.030*** | 3.6 | 0.030 | 0.5 | 0.115*** | 10.5 |
Gives informal payments to officials | −0.064*** | −66.3 | −0.105** | −2.3 | 0.087*** | 25.7 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | −0.006 | −0.7 | 0.059 | 1.3 | 0.052 | 0.5 | 0.227*** | 3.3 | −0.485** | −2.2 | 0.035** | 2.5 |
Constant | 0.102*** | 35.2 | 0.606*** | 7.4 | 0.250*** | 14.2 | 0.187 | 1.6 | −0.794** | −2.2 | 0.729* | 1.7 | 0.009 | 0.2 | 0.845*** | 4.5 | 0.515 | 1.5 | 0.284*** | 4.3 | 0.354 | 0.8 | 0.658*** | 6.9 |
Observations | 1727 | Â | 45 | Â | 857 | Â | 160 | Â | 33 | Â | 177 | Â | 494 | Â | 41 | Â | 60 | Â | 73 | Â | 58 | Â | 350 | Â |
Adjusted R-squared | 0.134 | Â | 0.526 | Â | 0.182 | Â | 0.174 | Â | 0.828 | Â | 0.466 | Â | 0.103 | Â | 0.615 | Â | 0.197 | Â | 0.416 | Â | 0.257 | Â | 0.194 | Â |