Table 3 Definitions of variables
Specification | |
|---|---|
Panel A. Dependent | |
Self-employed | 0 = paid employment; 1 = own-account (independent) self-employment. |
Informal | 1 = unregistered entrepreneurship/unlicensed economic activity, formalising the registration, or the respondent does not know. |
0 = registered entrepreneurship or licensed economic activity (formal). | |
Panel B. Explanatory | |
Age | Age (years). |
Children | Number of children in the household below the age of 5. |
Education | 4 = less than secondary, 8 = incomplete secondary, 10 = complete secondary or vocational, 12 = technical or incomplete higher, 15 = higher or postgraduate. |
Married | 1 = Married. |
Kazakh | 1 = Kazakh. |
European | 1 = Belarusian, German, Greek, Russian or Ukrainian. |
Tenure | Years in current business/Tenure in current employment. 1 = less than 6 months, 2 = 6–12 months, 3 = 1–3 years, 4 = 3–5 years, 5 = more than 5 years. |
Hours | Usual work hours (per week) in the main job. |
Professional | 1 = Architects, Chemists, Computer Specialists, Dentists, Doctors, Engineers, Lawyers, Managers, Mathematicians, Physicists, Public Officials, Pharmacists, School Teachers, Scientists, Statisticians, College or University Lecturers. |
Urban | 1 = Urban location except Almaty and Astana. |
Almaty/Astana | 1 = Almaty or Astana. |
Panel C. Identifying | |
Experience | 1 = previous experience of attempting to start own business. |