Informal self-employment in Kazakhstan

IZA Journal of Labor & Development

Table 2 Informality distribution by gender and education level, 2006–2011 (%)

Panel A. Total informality rate
	2006		2009		2011
Men	0.525		0.446		0.463
Women	0.507		0.461		0.427
Panel B. Distribution by education level
	Men
	Formal			Informal
	2006	2009	2011	2006	2009	2011
≤ Secondary/Vocational	0.46	0.45	0.41	0.66	0.61	0.58
Technical/Incomplete Higher	0.34	0.34	0.38	0.26	0.26	0.31
Higher	0.20	0.21	0.21	0.08	0.12	0.11
	Women
	Formal			Informal
	2006	2009	2011	2006	2009	2011
≤ Secondary	0.47	0.38	0.38	0.61	0.49	0.47
Technical/Incomplete Higher	0.36	0.38	0.39	0.28	0.33	0.37
Higher	0.17	0.24	0.22	0.11	0.18	0.17