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Table 7 OLS and 2SLS estimates of the effect of fertility on FLFP in urban Iran

From: The effect of children on female labor force participation in urban Iran

 

1 + sample

2 + sample

3 + sample

 

OLS

2SLS

OLS

2SLS

OLS

2SLS

First-stage results: fertility equation

A firstborn son

 

−0.106***

    
  

(0.009)

    

Two daughters

   

0.042***

  
    

(0.004)

  

Two or more sons

     

−0.044***

      

(0.005)

Estimation results: FLFP equation

Number of children

−0.008***

0.005

    
 

(0.001)

(0.026)

    

More than 2 children

  

−0.011***

−0.033

  
   

(0.004)

(0.060)

  

More than 3 children

    

−0.009**

−0.019

     

(0.004)

(0.068)

Observations

56,845

56,845

43,868

43,868

25,399

25,399

1st stage R-squared

 

0.562

 

0.344

 

0.226

2nd stage R-squared

0.183

0.183

0.152

0.151

0.084

0.083

IV F-statistics

 

149.253

 

149.430

 

89.917

  1. Note: All the specifications include indicators of age: I(25 ≤ age ≤ 29), I(30 ≤ age ≤ 35); indicators of schooling: I(1 ≤ schooling ≤ 5), I(6 ≤ schooling ≤ 8), I(9 ≤ schooling ≤ 12), I(schooling ≤ 13); age at first birth; log(nonlabor income); and year effects. Standard errors are reported in parentheses. ***significant at the 1% level, **significant at the 5% level.