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Table A3 Enrollment response to grade failure and previous employment, subsamples by program type

From: Safety valve or sinkhole? Vocational schooling in South Africa

Subsample

Secondary

Post-

Male

Female

Black

Coloured

Poorest

Richest

  

secondary

    

two quintiles

three quintiles

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

Panel A: academic

        

Failed last

-0.49

-0.16

-0.39

-0.41

-0.36

-0.41

-0.44

-0.35

Grade enrolled

(0.016)***

(0.019)***

(0.020)***

(0.016)***

(0.015)***

(0.019)***

(0.016)***

(0.019)***

Previous grades

-0.24

-0.03

-0.18

-0.17

-0.15

-0.18

-0.19

-0.15

Failed

(0.014)***

(0.012)**

(0.016)***

(0.013)***

(0.013)***

(0.015)***

(0.014)***

(0.014)***

R-squared

0.73

0.69

0.69

0.70

0.68

0.71

0.70

0.70

Panel B: vocational

        

Failed last

-0.02

0.00

-0.01

-0.01

-0.01

-0.01

-0.01

-0.01

Grade enrolled

(0.005)***

(0.01)

(0.01)

(0.01)

(0.01)

(0.01)

(0.006)*

(0.01)

Previous grades

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Failed

(0.00)

(0.01)

(0.007)*

(0.00)

(0.01)

(0.01)

(0.00)

(0.01)

R-squared

0.23

0.26

0.28

0.24

0.24

0.27

0.25

0.27

Observations

11,846

12,151

9,944

14,053

11,625

12,372

12,185

11,812

No. individuals

1,602

1,325

1,227

1,700

1,522

1,405

1,564

1,363

p-value of difference

        

Failed last

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Grade enrolled

        

Previous grades

0.00

0.01

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Failed

        
  1. Robust standard errors in parentheses, clustered by individual. *significant at 10%; **significant at 5%; ***significant at 1%. Sample is person-years from estimation sample described in Appendix A Data definitions, with completed education 9 years or more, from CAPS life history panel. Excludes person-years corresponding to Wave 5 for which fraudulent fieldwork suspected. Regressions for secondary include only individuals with final attainment of 9-11 years schooling, while regressions for post-secondary include only individuals with final attainment of at least 12 years schooling. Poorest and richest quintiles based on household per capita income in Wave 1. All regressions are survey-weighted linear probability models that include individual fixed effects and age, completed schooling, and calendar year dummies. Vocational programs include technical colleges, NTC and universities of technology. Re-enrollment refers to enrollment after at least one year of non-enrollment.