Do public work schemes deter or encourage outmigration? Empirical evidence from China

IZA Journal of Labor & Development

Table 6 Impact of Yigong-daizhen project on migrant labor

	Dependent variable: change of migrant labor (person)
	DID (1)	DID (2)	DID (3)	DID (4)	DID-PSM
After	46.19***	41.79***	32.68***	46.44***	--
	(1.88)	(2.14)	(8.45)	(7.80)
Yigong-daizhen	55.71***	38.16***	38.68***	5.85	--
	(11.62)	(9.59)	(9.62)	(9.17)
After*Yigong-daizhen	40.44***	40.30***	36.07***	38.04***	12.16*
	(7.96)	(7.88)	(7.61)	(7.77)	(7.33)
Village Characteristics
Net income (log)		−95.39**	−41.27	250.25***
		(41.26)	(42.37)	(49.25)
Net income (log) squared		8.24***	4.2	−19.42***
		(3.05)	(3.14)	(3.70)
Total population (log)		112.41***	106.97***	70.76***
		(5.19)	(5.11)	(4.23)
Distance from village to town		0.27	0.17	0.44
		(0.37)	(0.37)	(0.37)
Villagers working in township (person)		0.23	0.19	0.9
		(1.12)	(1.10)	(1.07)
Illiterates (person)		−0.06**	−0.06*	0.12
		(0.03)	(0.03)	(0.03)
Access to road (dummy)		17.61***	18.95***	2.27
		(5.34)	(5.37)	(5.03)
Control for:
Types of project	No	No	Yes	Yes	na
Province FE	No	No	No	Yes	na
R-squared	0.05	0.32	0.34	0.44	na
N	4858	4858	4858	4858	na

Notes. ***denotes significant at the level 0.01 level; **denotes significant at the 0.05 level; *denotes significant at the 0.1 level. For column 1–4, robust clustered standard errors at the village level are reported in the parentheses; For column 5, bootstrap standard error is reported for the DID-PSM estimator.