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Table A7 Average marginal effects for Malaysian workers

From: The wage returns to on-the-job training: evidence from matched employer-employee data

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Degree

0.713***

0.653***

0.649***

0.606***

0.523***

 

[0.181]

[0.182]

[0.184]

[0.184]

[0.186]

Diploma

0.783***

0.730***

0.726***

0.711***

0.608***

 

[0.176]

[0.177]

[0.179]

[0.179]

[0.180]

Upper secondary

0.552***

0.521***

0.516***

0.514***

0.458***

 

[0.170]

[0.170]

[0.171]

[0.171]

[0.172]

Lower secondary

0.308*

0.287*

0.283*

0.282

0.266

 

[0.170]

[0.170]

[0.172]

[0.171]

[0.172]

Primary

0.026

0.018

0.015

0.015

0.036

 

[0.175]

[0.175]

[0.175]

[0.175]

[0.176]

Vocational education

0.170***

0.162***

0.162***

0.162***

0.101**

 

[0.048]

[0.048]

[0.049]

[0.049]

[0.049]

Woman

-0.095***

-0.098***

-0.099***

-0.095***

-0.071

 

[0.037]

[0.037]

[0.037]

[0.037]

[0.038]

Age of worker

0.011

0.011

0.011

0.012

0.020

 

[0.019]

[0.019]

[0.019]

[0.019]

[0.019]

Tenure with the firm

0.047***

0.046***

0.046***

0.046***

0.069***

 

[0.009]

[0.009]

[0.009]

[0.009]

[0.001]

Potential experience

-0.011

-0.011

-0.012

-0.012

-0.032***

 

[0.009]

[0.009]

[0.009]

[0.009]

[0.009]

Single

-0.180***

-0.182***

-0.182***

-0.181***

-0.146***

 

[0.044]

[0.044]

[0.044]

[0.045]

[0.045]

Manager

0.142**

0.128**

0.129**

0.117**

0.060

 

[0.064]

[0.064]

[0.064]

[0.064]

[0.066]

Professional

0.165**

0.157

0.157

0.153

0.118

 

[0.076]

[0.076]

[0.076]

[0.076]

[0.078]

Skill Production

-0.031

-0.021

-0.021

-0.018

-0.017

 

[0.053]

[0.053]

[0.053]

[0.053]

[0.054]

Unskilled Production

-0.298***

-0.280***

-0.279***

-0.276***

-0.269***

 

[0.061]

[0.061]

[0.061]

[0.061]

[0.062]

Apprentice

0.433

0.453

0.455

0.462

0.506**

 

[0.203]

[0.203]

[0.203]

[0.203]

[0.204]

Unionized

0.522***

0.519***

0.519***

0.514***

0.531***

 

[0.087]

[0.087]

[0.088]

[0.088]

[0.088]

Computer

 

0.119***

0.119***

0.112***

0.108***

  

[0.038]

[0.039]

[0.039]

[0.040]

Bank Account

  

0.019

0.016

-0.040

   

[0.095]

[0.095]

[0.095]

Transaction Internet

   

0.334***

0.277***

    

[0.094]

[0.095]

Training at the Previous Firm

    

0.793***

     

[0.048]

Observations

6,679

6,679

6,679

6,679

6,679

  1. Source: Authors’ calculations based on the Enterprise Surveys (World Bank).
  2. The dependent variable is a dummy variable that assumes the value 1 if the received formal on-the-job training since he joined the firm. The table reports the marginal effects (at mean values) on the worker's propensity to be trained from probit regressions. Robust standard errors are in brackets. * significant at 10%, ** significant at 5%, *** significant at 1%. All variables are defined in Table A2. Firm Base Specification is the same as in column (7) of Table A5. Illiterate and Non-production workers are the omitted education and occupation groups. Age squared, Tenure squared and Experience squared are also included in the regressions (not reported).