Table 1 Socio-economic characteristics of rural households with and without migrants
From: The effects of migration on poverty and inequality in rural Kosovo
All households | Migrant household=1 | Test statistics | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0 | χ 2/ p | ||
Number of rural HH | 1727.00 | 479.00 | 1248.00 | -- |
HH size | 4.97 | 5.03 | 4.95 | 0.677 / 0.411 |
Dependency ratio | 0.52 | 0.60 | 0.49 | 10.067 / 0.002 |
Age of HH head | 49.85 | 52.47 | 48.85 | 23.354 / 0.000 |
Years of education of HH head | 10.95 | 10.68 | 11.06 | 2.132 / 0.144 |
Number of migrants | 0.71 | 2.54 | 0.00 | 1673.087 / 0.000 |
Highest level of education in HH | ||||
- Primary School (up to 4 years) or lower | 2.21 | 2.30 | 2.17 | 0.025 / 0.875 |
- Secondary General School (~8 years) | 8.25 | 9.81 | 7.64 | 2.149 / 0.143 |
- Vocational or Grammar School (~12 years) | 50.35 | 47.60 | 51.41 | 2.005 / 0.157 |
- University degree | 39.20 | 40.29 | 38.78 | 0.333 / 0.564 |
Household income (€) | 4,819 | 5,177 | 4,682 | 0.420 / 0.517 |
Household income incl. remittances (€) | 5,249 | 6,728 | 4,682 | 65.323 / 0.000 |
PC income, equivalised (€) | 1,889 | 2,017 | 1,840 | 2.265 / 0.133 |
PC income incl. remittances, equivalised (€) | 2,060 | 2,633 | 1,840 | 82.672 / 0.000 |
Income shares (%) | ||||
- Waged employment | 66.62 | 58.83 | 74.52 | 106.554 / 0.000 |
- Self-employment | 10.66 | 6.47 | 11.22 | 4.440 / 0.035 |
- Remittances | 5.14 | 13.15 | 0.00 | 811.168 / 0.000 |
- Other income | 17.58 | 18.16 | 12.50 | 15.536 / 0.000 |