Table 4 Variable descriptions, sources and selected summary statistics
From: The determinants of United Kingdom student visa demand from developing countries
Variable | Description | Source | Means |
|---|---|---|---|
v | Log of total number of student visa applications per 100,000 of the applicant country population | UK visa Entry Clearance Statistics (various issues) - UK Border Agency | 1.601 (1.791) |
v | Log of total number of student visa issues per 100,000 of the issue country population | UK visa Entry Clearance Statistics (various issues) - UK Border Agency | 1.249 (1.781) |
y | Log of GDP per capita expressed in US Dollars @ 2000 prices | World Development Indicators http://data.worldbank.org/ | 7.659 (1.367) |
x | Log of the bilateral exchange rate between the developing country and the UK expressed in local currency units to the pound sterling | International Financial Statistics (IFS) http://www.imfstatistics.org/ | −3.823 (2.843) |
c | Log of the real visa cost | Office of Public Sector Information http://www.opsi.gov.uk/ | 4.340 (0.153) |
im_share | Total imports into the UK from country i as a percentage of total UK imports | UN Comtrade http://comtrade.un.org/ | 0.231 (0.706) |
ex_share | Total exports from the UK to country i as a percentage of total UK exports | UN Comtrade http://comtrade.un.org/ | 0.181 (0.231) |
D_7/7 | = 1 if year is post 2005; = 0 otherwise. | Â | 0.350 (0.50) |
Country-Specific Characteristics: | |||
Muslim (%) | Percentage of the developing country’s population that is Muslim | Islamic Population http://www.islamicpopulation.com | 36.271 (39.063) |
Central Intelligence Agency https://www.cia.gov/ | |||
Common Language | = 1 if country shares an official language with the UK; = 0 otherwise | Centre d’études Prospectives et d’informations Internationales http://www.cepii.fr | 0.348 (0.479) |
Log of Distance | Log of distance between capital cities (in kilometres) | Centre d’études Prospectives et d’informations Internationales http://www.cepii.fr | 8.680 (0.584) |
Net Primary Enrolments (%) | Total primary level net enrolment rate expressed as a percentage | World Bank Education Statistics Version 5.3 | 85.291 (14.333) |
Net Secondary Enrolments (%) | Total secondary level net enrolment rate as a percentage | World Bank Education Statistics Version 5.3 | 59.365 (23.059) |
Political Stability Index | This is a standardized variable ranging from −2.5 to 2.5 with higher values corresponding to greater political stability. It captures perceptions of the likelihood that the government will be destabilized by unconstitutional means or politically motivated violence. | Worldwide Governance Indicators | −0.398 (0.830) |