From: Jobs and kids: female employment and fertility in China
Variables | Ordinary least squares estimation (coefficient) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Preferred number of children | Actual number of children | |||
Female employment status | ||||
Not employed (reference) | ||||
Employed | −0.070 | (0.042)* | −0.120 | (0.038)*** |
Other explanatory variables | ||||
Household annual income in natural log | 0.014 | (0.008)* | 0.011 | (0.006)* |
Ethnic minority (wife and/or husband) | 0.012 | (0.053) | 0.050 | (0.048) |
Age | −0.009 | (0.020) | 0.084 | (0.016)*** |
Age squared | 0.001 | (0.001) | −0.001 | (0.0002)*** |
Married | 0.087 | (0.146) | 0.127 | (0.129) |
The first child is a son | −0.117 | (0.028)*** | −0.102 | (0.026)*** |
Wife has siblings | 0.048 | (0.077) | 0.035 | (0.075) |
Husband has siblings | 0.056 | (0.070) | 0.020 | (0.063) |
Smoking | −0.089 | (0.129) | −0.057 | (0.125) |
Drinking alcohol | 0.088 | (0.051)* | 0.030 | (0.046) |
Health insurance | 0.064 | (0.033)** | 0.041 | (0.031) |
Education | ||||
Less than primary school (reference) | ||||
Primary school | −0.140 | (0.060)** | −0.138 | (0.057)** |
Lower middle school | −0.220 | (0.054)*** | −0.209 | (0.051)*** |
Upper middle school | −0.330 | (0.061)*** | −0.322 | (0.058)*** |
Technologic school | −0.430 | (0.078)*** | −0.352 | (0.067)*** |
College | −0.344 | (0.090)*** | −0.325 | (0.074)*** |
Occupation | ||||
Worker (reference) | ||||
Professional | −0.058 | (0.071) | −0.018 | (0.058) |
Manager | −0.099 | (0.101) | −0.044 | (0.086) |
Staff | −0.031 | (0.073) | 0.013 | (0.058) |
Other occupations | −0.038 | (0.087) | 0.007 | (0.078) |
Health status | ||||
Excellent (reference) | ||||
Good | 0.020 | (0.040) | −0.039 | (0.037) |
Fair | 0.016 | (0.048) | −0.053 | (0.043) |
Poor | −0.029 | (0.076) | −0.054 | (0.076) |
Province | ||||
Heilongjiang (reference) | ||||
Liaoning | 0.140 | (0.049)*** | 0.112 | (0.044)*** |
Jiangsu | 0.028 | (0.054) | 0.002 | (0.049) |
Shandong | 0.127 | (0.058)** | 0.044 | (0.053) |
Henan | 0.553 | (0.055)*** | 0.473 | (0.051)*** |
Hubei | 0.290 | (0.058)*** | 0.249 | (0.051)*** |
Hunan | 0.391 | (0.060)*** | 0.215 | (0.051)*** |
Guangxi | 0.237 | (0.078)*** | 0.195 | (0.073)*** |
Guizhou | 0.513 | (0.070)*** | 0.451 | (0.063)*** |
Village or neighborhood population (in 1000) | −0.007 | (0.003)** | −0.007 | (0.002)*** |
Han nationality allowed to have two childrenif the first child is female | 0.213 | (0.037)*** | 0.260 | (0.034)*** |
Receiving a subsidy if having one child | −0.224 | (0.040)*** | −0.167 | (0.034)*** |
Urban | −0.188 | (0.052)*** | −0.223 | (0.040)*** |
Constant | 1.226 | (0.436)*** | −0.906 | (0.351)*** |
Adjusted R squared | 0.240 | 0.324 |