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Table 3 Ordinary least squares estimation of preferred and actual fertility

From: Jobs and kids: female employment and fertility in China

Variables

Ordinary least squares estimation (coefficient)

Preferred number of children

Actual number of children

Female employment status

  Not employed (reference)

    

  Employed

−0.070

(0.042)*

−0.120

(0.038)***

Other explanatory variables

  Household annual income in natural log

0.014

(0.008)*

0.011

(0.006)*

  Ethnic minority (wife and/or husband)

0.012

(0.053)

0.050

(0.048)

  Age

−0.009

(0.020)

0.084

(0.016)***

  Age squared

0.001

(0.001)

−0.001

(0.0002)***

  Married

0.087

(0.146)

0.127

(0.129)

  The first child is a son

−0.117

(0.028)***

−0.102

(0.026)***

  Wife has siblings

0.048

(0.077)

0.035

(0.075)

  Husband has siblings

0.056

(0.070)

0.020

(0.063)

  Smoking

−0.089

(0.129)

−0.057

(0.125)

  Drinking alcohol

0.088

(0.051)*

0.030

(0.046)

  Health insurance

0.064

(0.033)**

0.041

(0.031)

Education

   Less than primary school (reference)

   Primary school

−0.140

(0.060)**

−0.138

(0.057)**

   Lower middle school

−0.220

(0.054)***

−0.209

(0.051)***

   Upper middle school

−0.330

(0.061)***

−0.322

(0.058)***

   Technologic school

−0.430

(0.078)***

−0.352

(0.067)***

   College

−0.344

(0.090)***

−0.325

(0.074)***

Occupation

   Worker (reference)

   Professional

−0.058

(0.071)

−0.018

(0.058)

   Manager

−0.099

(0.101)

−0.044

(0.086)

   Staff

−0.031

(0.073)

0.013

(0.058)

   Other occupations

−0.038

(0.087)

0.007

(0.078)

Health status

   Excellent (reference)

   Good

0.020

(0.040)

−0.039

(0.037)

   Fair

0.016

(0.048)

−0.053

(0.043)

   Poor

−0.029

(0.076)

−0.054

(0.076)

Province

   Heilongjiang (reference)

   Liaoning

0.140

(0.049)***

0.112

(0.044)***

   Jiangsu

0.028

(0.054)

0.002

(0.049)

   Shandong

0.127

(0.058)**

0.044

(0.053)

   Henan

0.553

(0.055)***

0.473

(0.051)***

   Hubei

0.290

(0.058)***

0.249

(0.051)***

   Hunan

0.391

(0.060)***

0.215

(0.051)***

   Guangxi

0.237

(0.078)***

0.195

(0.073)***

   Guizhou

0.513

(0.070)***

0.451

(0.063)***

  Village or neighborhood population (in 1000)

−0.007

(0.003)**

−0.007

(0.002)***

  Han nationality allowed to have two childrenif the first child is female

0.213

(0.037)***

0.260

(0.034)***

  Receiving a subsidy if having one child

−0.224

(0.040)***

−0.167

(0.034)***

  Urban

−0.188

(0.052)***

−0.223

(0.040)***

  Constant

1.226

(0.436)***

−0.906

(0.351)***

  Adjusted R squared

0.240

 

0.324

 
  1. Note: standard deviations are reported in parentheses.
  2. * significant at the 10% level; ** significant at the 5% level; *** significant at the 1% level.