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Table 3 Summary statistics:employed in 2003 who remained informal

From: Gender wage gap dynamics in a changing Ukraine

Informal

% of employees within each category

Mean hourly wages

 

Females

Males

Females

Males

Age 15-24

29.7

45.0

1.05

2.63

Age 25-39

46.0

41.6

1.00

1.71

Age 40-54

24.3

13.3

0.84

1.29

Age 55-64

0.0

0.0

-

-

Age 65+

0.0

0.0

-

-

Elementary and less

28.1

48.2

1.19

2.21

Secondary

62.8

51.8

0.94

1.89

University and higher

9.1

0.0

0.95

-

Managers

0.0

0.0

-

-

Professionals

0.0

0.0

-

-

Technicians and associate professionals

0.0

10.9

-

2.27

Clerks

0.0

0.0

-

-

Service workers and shop and market sales

54.2

9.8

1.10

1.42

Skilled agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers

0.0

0.0

-

-

Craft and related trades workers

0.0

33.0

-

2.00

Plant and machine operators and assemblers

0.0

4.5

-

2.84

Elementary Occupations

45.8

41.8

0.75

2.06

Agriculture

0.0

6.3

-

0.70

Industry

8.2

23.6

1.99

2.09

Services

91.8

70.0

0.91

2.15

Observations

10

13

10

13

  1. Source: ULMS – Own calculations.