Gender wage gap dynamics in a changing Ukraine

IZA Journal of Labor & Development

Table 2 Employed in an informal employment relationship

	2003		2007		2003			2007
	Females	Males	Females	Males	Females	Males		Females	Males
					Mean hourly wages	Mean hourly wages	Ratio F/M	Mean hourly wages	Mean hourly wages	Ratio F/M
Age 15-24	18.7	35.7	30.5	36.4	1.32	1.79	0.74	2.86	3.32	0.86
Age 25-39	50.6	38.4	40.8	39.0	1.35	1.93	0.70	2.46	4.42	0.56
Age 40-54	29.2	22.6	22.0	21.7	1.34	1.19	1.13	2.34	3.82	0.61
Age 55-64	1.5	1.2	5.0	2.1	0.74	2.21	0.34	2.26	1.83	1.24
Age 65+	0.0	2.2	1.6	0.8	-	0.65	-	1.27	1.02	1.24
Elementary and less	26.6	31.0	16.4	20.6	1.44	1.78	0.81	2.80	2.99	0.93
Secondary	62.7	57.2	72.7	77.1	1.29	1.74	0.74	2.41	4.08	0.59
University and higher	10.7	11.8	10.9	2.4	1.34	1.25	1.07	2.86	2.44	1.17
Managers	0.0	2.2	0.0	0.0	-	2.62	-	-	-	-
Professionals	2.2	1.2	2.7	1.1	4.55	0.90	5.04	2.66	1.22	2.18
Technicians and associate professionals	1.7	3.0	4.0	3.1	1.64	2.23	0.74	2.77	2.96	0.94
Clerks	5.1	3.9	12.5	4.7	1.57	1.75	0.90	3.04	3.43	0.88
Service workers and shop and market sales	50.4	19.2	51.1	6.3	1.25	1.12	1.12	2.30	3.15	0.73
Skilled agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers	0.8	1.9	1.4	0.0	1.75	0.97	1.79	2.15	-	-
Craft and related trades workers	9.3	22.6	8.4	33.9	2.12	2.16	0.98	4.24	5.22	0.81
Plant and machine operators and assemblers	0.0	7.7	1.6	9.1	-	2.68	-	2.71	2.20	1.23
Elementary Occupations	30.4	38.2	18.2	41.9	1.18	1.54	0.76	2.00	3.44	0.58
Agriculture	7.2	10.7	3.5	6.9	0.89	0.98	0.91	2.80	2.57	1.09
Industry	10.3	14.4	11.7	17.7	1.42	1.89	0.75	3.10	3.70	0.84
Services	82.5	74.9	84.8	75.3	1.35	1.73	0.78	2.44	3.96	0.62
Public administration	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	-	-	-	-	-	-
Total	90	75	119	140	1.33	1.68	0.79	2.52	3.81	0.66