The impact of sectoral minimum wage laws on employment, wages, and hours of work in South Africa

IZA Journal of Labor & Development

Table 4 Fraction of workers below the minimum by sector and year (post-law period)

Fraction < minimum	Retail	Domestic work	Forestry	Taxi	Security
2002		0.82			0.53
2003	0.50	0.75^*			0.49
2004	0.50	0.72^*			0.49
2005	0.50	0.74^*		0.56	0.48
2006	0.38^*	0.75^*	0.56	0.48	0.49
2007	0.40^*	0.71^*	0.60	0.64	0.51
Fraction 10% below minimum	Retail	Domestic work	Forestry	Taxi	Security
2002		0.06			0.10
2003	0.03	0.06			0.07
2004	0.04	0.08			0.06
2005	0.05	0.09^*		0.06	0.08
2006	0.05	0.09^*	0.06	0.12	0.08
2007	0.07^*	0.08	0.13	0.08	0.11

Source: Data are from South African Labour Force Surveys (LFS) conducted by Statistics South Africa (September 2000 to 2007). Both September and March waves of the survey are represented in the table.
Notes: The minimum wage is the real hourly minimum (2000 prices). Wages used in the calculations are real hourly wages of fulltime workers. An asterisk indicates a significant difference with the first year of introduction of the minimum wage in the respective sector at 5 percent. All statistics are self-reported by workers and estimated are weighted. Sample includes non self-employed workers aged between 15 and 65 years inclusive. Only estimates for fulltime workers are shown. A fulltime worker is someone who reported at least 27 hours of work per week. The sample of minimum wage affected workers includes non-government employment only.